IRIX Base Documentation 2002 November

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AR(1) Last changed: 8-19-98 NNAAMMEE aarr - archive and library maintainer SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS ar -d [-lv] archive file ... ar -m [-lv] [-abi] [posname] archive file ... ar -p [-ls] archive [file ...] ar -q [-clzf] archive file ... ar -r [-cuvsfl] [-abi] [posname] archive file ... ar -t [-vs] archive [file ...] ar -x [-vosCT] archive [file ...] IIMMPPLLEEMMEENNTTAATTIIOONN IRIX systems DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN The archiver (aarr) maintains groups of files as a single archive file. Generally, you use this utility to create and update library files that the link editor uses; however, you can use the archiver for any similar purpose. This version of aarr produces both 32-bit and 64-bit archives. The 32- bit archive format is defined in the System V Release 4 ABI. The 64- bit archive format is defined in the 64-bit ELF OBJECT File Specification. 32-bit objects and 64-bit objects cannot be mixed in an archive. The first object determines whether the archive will be 32-bit or 64-bit, if the archive does not exist to begin with. In compilers of version 7.x and higher, the archiver also archives WHIRL objects. Mixing is allowed between 32-bit relocatable ELF objects and 32-bit WHIRL objects, and between 64-bit relocatable ELF objects and 64-bit WHIRL objects. Different versions of WHIRL objects are NOT mixable. If the environment variable _XPG is defined, _a_r operates in conformance with the X/Open XPG4 specifications. The format of the output may differ in accordance to the XPG4 standards. Changes are either in the exit status or the format of the output. Any option that changes an object library causes the archive-symbol- table to be updated. This makes adding one file at a time to a library very slow. Useless options (such as using option --uu with option --tt) are not diagnosed. NNOOTTEE:: aarr uses a portable ASCII-format archive that you can use on various machines that run UNIX. Options are documented here with a leading hyphen(-) form. An older form with all option letters together and no leading hyphen is still supported. The first example below shows the old form. Examples: ar cr lib.a a.o b.o ar -c -r lib.a a.o b.o ar -cr lib.a a.o b.o Options are: --aa Position new files in the archive after the file named by the _p_o_s_n_a_m_e operand. Use this suboption with the mm or rr options. --bb Position new files in the archive before the file named by the _p_o_s_n_a_m_e operand. Use this suboption with the mm or rr options. --cc Suppress the normal message that the archiver prints when it creates the archive file _a_r_c_h_i_v_e. Normally, the archiver creates the specified archiver file when it needs to. --CC Prevent extracted files from replacing like-named files in the file system. This option is useful when --TT is also used, to prevent truncated names from replacing files with the same prefix. --dd Delete the specified _f_i_l_es from _a_r_c_h_i_v_e. --ii Position new files in the archive before the file named by the _p_o_s_n_a_m_e operand (equivalent to --bb). Use this suboption with the --mm or --rr options. --ff Adds padding to the end of each object file archived, using the character '\0'. This enables the loader (lldd) to have faster access to members in the archive while performing static linking. _W_a_r_n_i_n_g: this option results in the change in size of files permanently, normally increased by 1 to 15 bytes. In compiler releases 7.1 and higher, this option is the default. --ll Puts temporary files in the local directory. If option --ll is not supplied and the environment variable TTMMPPDDIIRR is defined then TTMMPPDDIIRR's value is used as the name of the directory for temporary files. If neither option --ll nor TTMMPPDDIIRR is supplied, the archiver puts its temporary files in the directory /_t_m_p. --mm Moves the specified files to the end of the archive. If you specify a positioning character, you must also specify the _p_o_s_n_a_m_e (as in option --rr)) to tell the archiver where to move the files. --oo Force each newly created file to have the `last modified' date that it had before it was extracted from the archive. --pp Prints the contents of the _f_i_l_es from _a_r_c_h_i_v_e to the standard output. If no _f_i_l_e_s are specified, the contents of all files in the archive will be written in the order of the archive. --qq Append the specified files to the end of the archive file. The archiver does not accept suboption positioning characters with the --qq option. It also does not check whether the files you want to add already exist in the archive. This is useful to bypass the searching otherwise done when creating a large archive piece by piece. Since the archive-symbol-table of an object library is updated with --qq it is advisable to add as many files as possible in one execution of _a_r. Only --qqzz (see --zz below) avoids quadratic behavior when creating a large object archive piece by piece. --rr Replace or add _f_i_l_es to _a_r_c_h_i_v_e. If the archive named by _a_r_c_h_i_v_e does not exist, a new archive file will be created and a diagnostic message will be written to standard error (unless the --cc option is specified). If no _f_i_l_es are specified and the _a_r_c_h_i_v_e exists, nothing is done. Files that replace existing files will not change the order of the archive. If you use the suboption --uu with --rr,, the archiver only replaces those files that have `last-modified' dates later than the archive files. If you use a positioning character (from the set aabbii)) you must specify the _p_o_s_n_a_m_e argument to tell the archiver to put the new files after (aa) or before (bb or ii). Otherwise, the archiver puts new files at the end of the archive. --ss Makes an archive-symbol-table file in the archive. The --ss option is automatically added when any of the options --dd, --mm, or --rr is requested. If you specify --ss, the archiver creates the archive-symbol-table file as its last action before finishing execution. You must specify at least one other archive option (mm, pp, dd, rr, or tt) when you use the --ss option. --tt Write a table of contents for the files in _a_r_c_h_i_v_e to the standard output. If you don't specify any file names, write a table of contents for all files in the order of the archave. If you specify file names, the archiver writes a table of contents only for those files. --TT Allow filename truncation of extracted files whose archive names are longer than the file system can support. By default, extracting a file with a name that is too long is an error; a diagnostic message will be written and the file will not be extracted. --uu Update older files. When used with the --rr option, files within the archive will be replaced only if the corresponding _f_i_l_e is newer than the existing _a_r_c_h_i_v_e file. This option uses the UNIX system `last-modified' date for this comparison. --uu gives no warning when replacement is refused. --vv Gives a verbose file-by-file description as the archiver makes a new archive file from an old archive and its constituent files. When you use this option with --tt,, the archiver lists, on standard output, all information about the files in the archive. When you use this option with --pp, the archiver writes the name of the file to standard output before writing the file itself to standard output. If you add a second --vv additional informational messages can appear. --xx Extract the files named by the _f_i_l_e operands from the _a_r_c_h_i_v_e. The contents of the archive file will not be changed. If you don't specify any file names, the archiver extracts all files. Normally, the `last-modified' date for each extracted file shows the date when someone extracted it; however, when you use --oo,, the archiver resets the `last-modified' date to the date recorded in the archive. --zz Only be useful with --qq. --qqzz supresses updating of the archive- symbol-table and updates the archive in-place. The resulting archive cannot be used with _l_d (and is not a System V Release 4 ABI compliant archive) until an archive-symbol-table update is done. lldd(1) will fail with a message suggesting use of aarr --ttss if the last change to the archive uses --qqzz: Use of --qqzz is discouraged: the updates are not checked for duplications and in case of a file or other error the archive may be destroyed. If any file name added is longer than 15 characters, line _q_z updates the archive-symbol-table even with --qqzz. If all file names added with qqzz on a particular execution are 15 characters or less the archive-symbol-table update is suppressed (even if some file names already in the archive are longer than 15 characters). xx option. NNOOTTEESS There is no _r_a_n_l_i_b program in IRIX. Option --ss creates the archive- symbol-table _l_d uses. Options --rr, --dd, --mm, and --qq imply option --ss. Since option --ss creates an archive-symbol-table, creating an object library by executing _a_r once per object file will be very slow. Creating an object library with a single execution of _a_r is much faster. DDIIAAGGNNOOSSTTIICCSS xxxxxxxxxx nnoott ffoouunndd The file xxxxxxxxxx was not found in the archive. It could mean a simple misspelling, but it could also mean that you supplied xxxxxxxxxx more than the number of times xxxxxxxxxx appears in the archive! Files not found change the exit code from _a_r but any attempted update of the archive (by option rr for example) is not suppressed. ""nnoott iinn aarrcchhiivvee ffoorrmmaatt"" You probably forgot to specify the archive name in the command. The _a_r_c_h_i_v_e mentioned in the synopsis should be the archive name. The diagnostics "s - creating Symbol hash table" and "s - done" are no longer emitted when --vv is used (to make the -v output standard- conforming). If you really want to see those messages, add a second v, as in --vvvv. MMOORREE NNOOTTEESS The behavior documented in this section is not guaranteed to remain the same across releases. This section is provided as help in case _a_r does something surprising. If there is only one hard link (ie, at most one non-symbolic link) to an archive which is being updated then an old archive contents are replaced by the new contents by rreennaammee(2). (For more information on symbolic and hard links, see llnn(2).) Otherwise, when updating, replacement is by copying the new data onto the old file. If the archive is updated, the replacement archive is built in the same directory as the named archive (after following symbolic links to the location of the named archive). In case the copy operation mentioned above is interrupted in mid-copy (which is normally not possible) _a_r will attempt to set the archive length to 0 and the modification-date to January 1, 1970 as a hint that the archive is not usable. If the _a_r command results in an unchanged archive, the old archive will not be replaced. This is best achieved with, for example, _a_r _r_u _l_i_b._a _x._o; if the named object file is not put into the archive, the archive is not modified. The definition of unchanged is very conservative: _a_r _r _l_i_b._a _x._o, for example, always changes the archive since x.o is added or replaced (even though x.o itself may be unchanged). The following is a sampling of traditional _a_r behaviors that you may find surprising. If you specify the same file twice in an argument list, it can appear twice in the archive file. The oo option does not change the `last-modified' date of a file unless you own the extracted file or you are the super-user. Trailing slashes are removed from file-path-names. Only the final component of a file-path-name is recorded in an archive. For example, in //aa//bb//cc//ddffiillee////////, the file searched for is //aa//bb//cc//ddffiillee, and the name recorded in the archive is ddffiillee. If you give _a_r the same name twice in an aarr xx command the second instance of the name will provoke a ``not found'' message. FFIILLEESS /tmp/ar.tmp.v* or TMPDIR/ar.tmp.v* temporaries SSEEEE AALLSSOO lloorrddeerr((11)),, lldd((11)),, aarr(4) _S_y_s_t_e_m _V _A_p_p_l_i_c_a_t_i_o_n _B_i_n_a_r_y _I_n_t_e_r_f_a_c_e, ISBN 0-13-877598-2, Prentice Hall This man page is available only online.